һ
һģڽʦʸԹ̵ΪαھϸС֪ʶ㣬˺֪ʶĹܽᡣΪ˰ܹһ֪ʶֽģеĸƵ£Թλο
֪ʶ
(һ)ŵεص㼰ʵ
1.ص
(1)ŵξȨַκͷϵص㡣
(2)һԭʼСIJֱΧСֻdzԹ
2.ʵ
άūͳελļ˵ūŮûйȨȨ
()ݱ䡢ݼص
1.ˡʮͭ→→ʿȫݱ̡
(1)ʮͭİ䲼ķ㣬־ĵ
(2)Ҫǵ֮ϵķɣҪԪԺԪٸʾϰ߷ȡ
(3)ָ۹ΧڵĹʷ۹ͳηΧڵһķɣҪǵƲϵ涨ūƺ˽вƲȨʥַȡ
2.ص
(1)ɵʷƾԼIJţʹݷḻϵ걸Ľԡ
(2)ƽȡ壬ԡϵԭ
(3)ǵƲϵ涨ūƺ˽вƲʥַ
(4)ᳫڷǰƽȣȻ˼롣
3.ʵ
άͳ棬ūȨūƷϵ
()ӢٸƵص
1.1688꣬Ӣ“ٸ”־ӢʲĽΪƵȷ춨˻
2.ھ£Ȩᣬǹ;ͨʽϵڸȨḺලڸ;ǹԪף“ͳ”ĵλΪŽŦͳһάϵӢŦá
()1787ܷԭ
1787ܷ᳹ȨԭȷȨԭ뼯ȨԭԼݷȨԭһȫµƶȡ
1.ʵ˾Ȩƺԭ
2.ԭͳԱѡٲʵơ
3.뼯Ȩԭ“ݷȨ”ԭҪΪҽṹʵơ뼯ȨԭʵзȨԭ
()´Ƶȷ̡ص
1.
(1)1789귨Ʒ˾;1875꣬ͨ˷ܷӷʽȷ˹塣
(2)ص㣺뱣ɳڷ
2.־
(1)
1871־ͨսͳһ;־۹ܷİ䲼ȷ塣
(2)ص
־ϵľƣ־ʵۿȨ;ӣӵй㷺Ȩ;־ɻʵ鳤ֻԻʵ۸;־۹ʵȨ뾭ʵ;Ϊ飬רΪʵŨ⽨רơɫʡ
()蹫ص㼰ѵ
1.ص
(1)ڽìܺìܼһͻԵijװ塣
(2)蹫Ȩĵһΰԡ
2.ѵ
(1)ʲһµһ
(2)Ҫȡøʤ̸ɹ뽨̵Ĺũˡ
(3)ѧ۵ָ쵼ҵʤĸ֤
()“ս”ֵĶ
1.“ս”ĺ
ָս˫ΪĶӪֱ֮Ӿ¶ԿһежΪ“ս”ҪΪնţȫλĶԿ
2.ص
(1)Уռ˹ͶԿڲȻìܺͷ磬ҪսĴ֡
(2)УΪ˫ڹá
(3)սǶҪʽΪ϶ԿϵĶšʶ̬϶;ϵĸݡֵĶǹʹϵĻʵ£˴ǿȨεӡ
()༫Ƶij뷢չ
1.༫Ҫʵ˥ƣŷޡձѸ̬ƺйơ
2.2080ĩ90Ŷŷ䡢壬ֽֽϣ༫Ƽǿθֵص“һǿ”༫ƽһչ
վṩԴṩѼɱվ༭оѧϰʹã漰ҵӯĿġ漰Ȩ⣬ϵվԱԸĻɾ
11010802020593